Transistors are the main components that control computers, telephones and all other modern electronic circuits, as well as the basic elements of the CPU. Transistors can be encapsulated independently or on a small area. Integrated schemes can contain 100 million or more transistors.


Summary of contents
Transistors in electronic components are semiconductor devices commonly used in amplifiers or electronic control switches. Transistors are the main components that control computers, mobile phones and all other modern electronic circuits. At the same time transistor is the basic cell of the CPU. Transistors can be encapsulated independently or on a small area. Integrated schemes can contain 100 million or more transistors. The processor consists mainly of logical computing units, control units and storage units. This article will describe in detail the number of transistors in the CPU and the principle of operation of the CPU.

Transistor profile I
Transistors generally refer to all individual components based on semiconductor materials, including diodes, triodes, field transistors, transistors, etc. Transistors fall into two main categories: bipolar transistors (BJT) and field transistors (fet). Transistor has three poles; The bipolar transistor tripod consists of an emitter, base and collector of type n and type p; The three poles of the field transistor are source, grid and runoff.


- tripod. Tripod.


Transistors are the main components that control computers, mobile phones and all other modern electronic circuits. Due to its rapid reaction and high accuracy transistor can be used for various digital and analog functions, including amplification, switches, voltage adjustment, signal modulation and generators. Transistors can be encapsulated separately or on a small area.

In December 1947, a team of researchers from shokley, bardeen, and bratton from bell LABS in the United States developed a germanian transistor with point contact. The emergence of transistors was a major invention of the 20th century. After the emergence of transistors, bulky energy-consuming tubes can be replaced by a small but small electronic device. The invention of the transistor trumped the birth of an integrated circuit. In the first decade of the 20th century semiconductor materials were used in communication systems. In the first half of the 20th century, popular radio fans used ore to detect as semiconductor material. The electrical properties of semiconductors are also used in telephone systems.

Number of CPU transistors of previous generation

Moore's law and density of Intel microprocessors


Moore's law was proposed by one of Intel's founders, Gordon Moore. At the same price, the number of components that can be placed on the mi will double every 18-24 months, and productivity will double. In other words, every 18-24 months the performance of a computer that can be bought for one dollar more than doubles. This law shows the speed of development of information technologies. Although this trend has continued for more than half a century, Moore's law should be seen as surveillance or speculation, not as a physical or natural law.

(1) February 1999: Intel released a pentium iii processor. Pentium iii is 1 & times; 1 square silicon, 9.5 million transistors, using Intel & reg; Technology 0.25 micron.

(2) in 2000 pentium 4 villamite, production process 180 nm, number of transistors PC 42 million.

Intel Pentium 4


(3) January 2002: released Intel pentium 4 processor, which provides 2.2 billion cycles per second on high-performance desktop computers. It is produced using Intel technology 0.13 micron and contains 55 million transistors.

(4) March 12, 2003: Intel's fast mobile technology platform was born on laptops, including Intel; The latest mobile pentium m. processor is based on a new mobile optimized microarchitecture using Intel & reg; 0.13. Micron technology. It contains 77 million transistors.

(5) May 26, 2005: Intel's first core dual-core processor, based on Intel's leading 90-nm technology, has an Intel pentium d processor with 22,999,999 transistors.

The Intel core 2 dual-core processor was released on July 27, 2006. The processor contains more than 290 million transistors and USES 65-nm Intel technology. Manufactured in the most modern laboratories in the world.